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A germline polymorphism of thymine DNA glycosylase induces genomic instability and cellular transformation.

Abstract
Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) functions in base excision repair, a DNA repair pathway that acts in a lesion-specific manner to correct individual damaged or altered bases. TDG preferentially catalyzes the removal of thymine and uracil paired with guanine, and is also active on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) paired with adenine or guanine. The rs4135113 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of TDG is found in 10% of the global population. This coding SNP results in the alteration of Gly199 to Ser. Gly199 is part of a loop responsible for stabilizing the flipped abasic nucleotide in the active site pocket. Biochemical analyses indicate that G199S exhibits tighter binding to both its substrate and abasic product. The persistent accumulation of abasic sites in cells expressing G199S leads to the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Cells expressing the G199S variant also activate a DNA damage response. When expressed in cells, G199S induces genomic instability and cellular transformation. Together, these results suggest that individuals harboring the G199S variant may have increased risk for developing cancer.
AuthorsAshley Sjolund, Antonia A Nemec, Nicolas Paquet, Aishwarya Prakash, Patrick Sung, Sylvie Doublié, Joann B Sweasy
JournalPLoS genetics (PLoS Genet) Vol. 10 Issue 11 Pg. e1004753 (Nov 2014) ISSN: 1553-7404 [Electronic] United States
PMID25375110 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
Chemical References
  • Thymine DNA Glycosylase
Topics
  • Catalytic Domain (genetics)
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic (genetics)
  • DNA Repair (genetics)
  • Genomic Instability (genetics)
  • Germ Cells
  • Humans
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Thymine DNA Glycosylase (chemistry, genetics, metabolism)

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