Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells receptor family modulators: a patent review.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) receptors and TREM-like transcript (TLT; or TREML) receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily are known as key modulators of host immune responses. TREM-1 (CD354) and TREM-2 share the transmembrane adaptor DNAX-activation protein of 12 kDa (DAP12), but they possess separate stimulatory and inhibitory functional roles, especially in myeloid cells.

AREAS COVERED:

This review covers findings related to TREMs and TLTs published in patent applications from their discovery in 2000 to the present. New roles for TREM-1, TREM-2, TLT-1 and TLT-2 in maladies ranging from acute and chronic inflammatory disorders to cardiovascular diseases and cancers are discussed. Putative endogenous ligands and novel synthetic peptide blockers are also discussed.

EXPERT OPINION:

So far, therapeutic use of activators/blockers specific for TREMs and TLTs has been limited to preclinical animal models. TREM-1 is an immediate therapeutic target for acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, especially sepsis. Certain mutations in DAP12 and TREM-2 manifest into a disorder named polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy, and newly identified TREM-2 variants confer a significant increase in risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. This makes TREM-2 an attractive therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.

• Authors: Christopher J Pelham, Amit N Pandya, Devendra K Agrawal
• Journal: Expert opinion on therapeutic patents (Expert Opin Ther Pat) Vol. 24 Issue 12 Pg. 1383-95 (Dec 2014) ISSN: 1744-7674 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25363248 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Review)

Chemical References

• Membrane Glycoproteins
• Receptors, Immunologic
• TREM-2a receptor
• TREM-2b receptor
• TREM1 protein, human
• TREML1 protein, human
• TREML4 protein, human
• Trem3 protein, mouse
• Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1

Topics

• Animals
• Humans
• Membrane Glycoproteins (drug effects, physiology)
• Patents as Topic
• Receptors, Immunologic (drug effects, physiology)
• Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1