We hypothesized that infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) in the late stages of
silica-induced damage would reduce the remodelling process in a murine model of
silicosis. C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 2 groups. In the SIL group, mice were instilled with a
silica particle
suspension intratracheally. Control (C) mice received saline under the same protocol. On the 40th day, some of the animals from both groups were killed. The others were treated with either saline or BMMCs (1×10(6) cells) intravenously (C+BMMC and SIL+BMMC), and the mice were killed 70 days after the start of the protocol. In the mice in the SIL+BMMC group,
collagen deposition, the presence of
silica particles inside nodules, the presence of macrophages and cells reactive for
inducible nitric oxide synthase were reduced. Lung parameters also improved. Beyond that, the total and differential cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, immunoexpression of
transforming growth factor-β, the number of T regulatory cells and apoptosis were increased. However, the presence of male donor cells in lung tissue was not observed using GFP+ cells (40d) or Y chromosome
DNA (70d). Therefore, BMMC
therapy in the late stages of experimental
silicosis improved lung function by diminishing
fibrosis but inflammatory cells persisted, which could be related to expansion of T regulatory cells, responsible for the beneficial effects of
cell therapy.