Early experience with tedizolid: clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and resistance.

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) continues to limit therapeutic options. The oxazolidinones are a synthetic class of agents now commonly relied on for the treatment of serious MRSA and VRE infections. With increasing utilization of linezolid, resistant pathogens have once again begun to emerge. Tedizolid, a next-generation oxazolidinone, possesses a spectrum of activity including MRSA and VRE, with significantly enhanced potency also against linezolid-resistant strains. Preclinical and early clinical studies have reported positive results, demonstrating a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in combination with key potential safety advantages. In two phase III clinical trials, tedizolid was found noninferior to linezolid in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. Investigations for treatment of ventilator-acquired and health care-associated pneumonia are currently underway. Tedizolid has been subjected to pharmacodynamics studies throughout its development that have highlighted properties unique to this agent. Considerable accumulations in epithelial lining fluid and antimicrobial activity greatly augmented by the presence of granulocytes suggest that slow but bactericidal activity may be possible in some clinical scenarios. Structural distinctions between tedizolid and linezolid suggest that tedizolid has decreased vulnerability to oxazolidinone resistance mechanisms. Tedizolid minimum inhibitory concentrations are essentially unchanged in organisms possessing the chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance gene, a horizontally transferable linezolid resistance mechanism. Although the clinical experience with tedizolid remains limited, early data suggest a potential role in the treatment of serious infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens.

• Authors: Jeffrey M Rybak, Kayleigh Marx, Craig A Martin
• Journal: Pharmacotherapy (Pharmacotherapy) Vol. 34 Issue 11 Pg. 1198-208 (Nov 2014) ISSN: 1875-9114 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25266820 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: © 2014 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Drugs, Investigational
• Organophosphates
• Oxazoles
• Prodrugs
• tedizolid phosphate

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial
• Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
• Drugs, Investigational (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections (drug therapy, metabolism, microbiology)
• Humans
• Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (drug effects)
• Organophosphates (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Oxazoles (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Prodrugs (adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Staphylococcal Infections (drug therapy, metabolism, microbiology)
• Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (drug effects)