Abstract |
Honeybee (Apis melifera) venom (HBV), which includes melittin and lipid-soluble ingredients ( chrysin and pinocembrin), elicited increases in the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocyte ratio, relative mRNA expression levels of the T helper type 1 (Th 1) cytokines (interferon-γ and IL-12) and reinforced viral clearance of an experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome ( PRRS) virus infection in our previous study. On the basis of that previous study, we have now developed poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)-encapsulated HBV nanoparticles (P-HBV) for longer sustained release of HBV. We administered P-HBV to pigs via the rectal route, and then evaluated the potential immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of P-HBV against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocyte ratio, proliferative capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and relative mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 (produced mainly by Th1 lymphocytes) were significantly increased in the P-HBV group up to 2 weeks post-administration of P-HBV. After S. Typhimurium infection, the P-HBV group showed a marked reduction in microbial burden in feces and all tissue samples (including the ileum, cecum, colon, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN)), a significant increase in Th 1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and a marked decrease in a Th 2 cytokine (IL-4) in all tissue samples and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Thus, P-HBV may be a promising strategy for immune enhancement and prevention of S. Typhimurium or other bacterial infections.
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Authors | Jin-A Lee, Bock-Gie Jung, Tae-Hoon Kim, Yun-Mi Kim, Min-Ho Park, Pung-mi Hyun, Jong-woon Jeon, Jin-kyu Park, Cheong-Weon Cho, Guk-Hyun Suh, Bong-Joo Lee |
Journal | Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
(Vet Immunol Immunopathol)
Vol. 161
Issue 3-4
Pg. 193-204
(Oct 15 2014)
ISSN: 1873-2534 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 25193467
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Bee Venoms
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
- Polyglycolic Acid
- Lactic Acid
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Topics |
- Animals
- Bee Venoms
(chemistry)
- Lactic Acid
- Nanoparticles
- Polyglycolic Acid
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
- Salmonella Infections, Animal
(drug therapy)
- Salmonella typhimurium
- Swine
- Swine Diseases
(drug therapy, microbiology)
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
(drug effects, physiology)
- Up-Regulation
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