Mitochondrial abnormality has been shown in many
kidney disease models. However, its role in the pathogenesis of
chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) is still uncertain. In present study, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor
rotenone was applied to the mice subjected to unilateral
ureteral obstruction (UUO). Following 7-days
rotenone treatment, a remarkable attenuation of tubular injury was detected by PAS staining. In line with the improvement of kidney morphology,
rotenone remarkably blunted fibrotic response as shown by downregulation of
fibronectin (FN),
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1),
collagen I,
collagen III, and α-SMA, paralleled with a substantial decrease of TGF-β 1. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress markers
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (
TBARS) and
heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, and
ICAM-1 were markedly decreased. More importantly, the reduction of
mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial
NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (mtND1) expression in obstructed kidneys was moderately but significantly restored by
rotenone, suggesting an amelioration of mitochondrial injury. Collectively, mitochondrial complex I inhibitor
rotenone protected kidneys against obstructive injury possibly via inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress,
inflammation, and
fibrosis, suggesting an important role of
mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of obstructive
kidney disease.