Brain tumor cells in circulation are enriched for mesenchymal gene expression.

Abstract

UNLABELLED:

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer characterized by local invasion and angiogenic recruitment, yet metastatic dissemination is extremely rare. Here, we adapted a microfluidic device to deplete hematopoietic cells from blood specimens of patients with GBM, uncovering evidence of circulating brain tumor cells (CTC). Staining and scoring criteria for GBM CTCs were first established using orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and then applied clinically: CTCs were identified in at least one blood specimen from 13 of 33 patients (39%; 26 of 87 samples). Single GBM CTCs isolated from both patients and mouse PDX models demonstrated enrichment for mesenchymal over neural differentiation markers compared with primary GBMs. Within primary GBMs, RNA in situ hybridization identified a subpopulation of highly migratory mesenchymal tumor cells, and in a rare patient with disseminated GBM, systemic lesions were exclusively mesenchymal. Thus, a mesenchymal subset of GBM cells invades the vasculature and may proliferate outside the brain.

SIGNIFICANCE:

GBMs are locally invasive within the brain but rarely metastasize to distant organs, exemplifying the debate over "seed" versus "soil." We demonstrate that GBMs shed CTCs with invasive mesenchymal characteristics into the circulation. Rare metastatic GBM lesions are primarily mesenchymal and show additional mutations absent in the primary tumor.

• Authors: James P Sullivan, Brian V Nahed, Marissa W Madden, Samantha M Oliveira, Simeon Springer, Deepak Bhere, Andrew S Chi, Hiroaki Wakimoto, S Michael Rothenberg, Lecia V Sequist, Ravi Kapur, Khalid Shah, A John Iafrate, William T Curry, Jay S Loeffler, Tracy T Batchelor, David N Louis, Mehmet Toner, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daniel A Haber
• Journal: Cancer discovery (Cancer Discov) Vol. 4 Issue 11 Pg. 1299-309 (Nov 2014) ISSN: 2159-8290 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25139148 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers, Tumor

Topics

• Animals
• Biomarkers, Tumor (blood)
• Brain Neoplasms (blood, pathology)
• Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
• Gene Expression
• Glioblastoma (blood, pathology)
• Humans
• Mice
• Neoplastic Cells, Circulating (pathology)