Induction and suppression of innate antiviral responses by picornaviruses.

Abstract

The family Picornaviridae comprises of small, non-enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses and contains many human and animal pathogens including enteroviruses (e.g. poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71 and rhinovirus), cardioviruses (e.g. encephalomyocarditis virus), hepatitis A virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. Picornavirus infections activate a cytosolic RNA sensor, MDA5, which in turn, induces a type I interferon response, a crucial component of antiviral immunity. Moreover, picornaviruses activate the formation of stress granules (SGs), large aggregates of preassembled mRNPs (messenger ribonucleoprotein particles) to temporarily store these molecules upon cellular stress. Meanwhile, picornaviruses actively suppress these antiviral responses to ensure efficient replication. In this review we provide an overview of the induction and suppression of the MDA5-mediated IFN-α/β response and the cellular stress pathway by picornaviruses.

• Authors: Qian Feng, Martijn A Langereis, Frank J M van Kuppeveld
• Journal: Cytokine & growth factor reviews (Cytokine Growth Factor Rev) Vol. 25 Issue 5 Pg. 577-85 (Oct 2014) ISSN: 1879-0305 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25086453 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• DEAD-box RNA Helicases

Topics

• Animals
• DEAD-box RNA Helicases (metabolism)
• Host-Pathogen Interactions (immunology)
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate
• Picornaviridae (classification, genetics, immunology)
• Signal Transduction
• Stress, Physiological (immunology)
• Virus Replication