In this study, an attempt was made to understand the molecular mechanism involved in
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) mediated regulation of CHIKV
infection in mammalian cells using CHIKV prototype strain (
S 27) and Indian outbreak strain of 2006 (DRDE-06). Our results showed that Hsp90 is required at a very early stage of viral replication and Hsp90 inhibitor
Geldanamycin (GA) can abrogate new virus particle formation more effectively in the case of
S 27 than that of DRDE-06. Further analysis revealed that CHIKV nsP2
protein level is specifically reduced by GA treatment as well as HSP90-siRNA transfection; however,
viral RNA remains unaltered. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that nsP2 interacts with Hsp90 during
infection; however this interaction is reduced in the presence of GA. In addition, our analysis on Hsp90 associated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway demonstrated that CHIKV
infection stabilizes Raf1 and activates Hsp90 client
protein Akt, which in turn phosphorylates mTOR. Subsequently, this phosphorylation leads to the activation of two important downstream effectors, S6K and 4EBP1, which may facilitate translation of viral as well as cellular mRNAs. Hence, the data suggests that CHIKV
infection is regulated by Hsp90 associated Akt phosphorylation and DRDE-06 is more efficient than
S 27 in enhancing the activation of host signaling molecules for its efficient replication and virus production.
CONCLUSION: Hsp90 positively regulates Chikungunya virus replication by stabilizing CHIKV-nsP2 through its interaction during
infection. The study highlights the possible molecular mechanism of GA mediated inhibition of CHIKV replication and differential effect of this
drug on
S 27 and DRDE-06, which will be informative for developing effective anti-CHIKV
therapies in future.