Maternal high-fat diet consumption and
obesity have been shown to program long-term
obesity and lead to
impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10-11 kcal% from fat of
lard or butter origin) and
lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited
impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the
lard-based diets showed normal
glucose disposal following a
glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10-11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The
body weight of pups born to 45%
lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term
body weight increases. Offspring
glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and
maternal obesity studies in mice.