Abstract | BACKGROUND: It is well recognized that amounts of trans and saturated fats should be minimized in Western diets; however, considerable debate remains regarding optimal amounts of dietary n-9, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids. OBJECTIVE: DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, 5-period, crossover design was used. Each 4-wk treatment period was separated by 4-wk washout intervals. Volunteers with abdominal obesity consumed each of 5 identical weight-maintaining, fixed-composition diets with one of the following treatment oils (60 g/3000 kcal) in beverages: 1) conventional canola oil (Canola; n-9 rich), 2) high- oleic acid canola oil with docosahexaenoic acid (CanolaDHA; n-9 and n-3 rich), 3) a blend of corn and safflower oil (25:75) (CornSaff; n-6 rich), 4) a blend of flax and safflower oils (60:40) (FlaxSaff; n-6 and short-chain n-3 rich), or 5) high- oleic acid canola oil (CanolaOleic; highest in n-9). RESULTS: One hundred thirty individuals completed the trial. At endpoint, total cholesterol (TC) was lowest after the FlaxSaff phase (P < 0.05 compared with Canola and CanolaDHA) and highest after the CanolaDHA phase (P < 0.05 compared with CornSaff, FlaxSaff, and CanolaOleic). Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL) cholesterol were highest, and triglycerides were lowest, after CanolaDHA (P < 0.05 compared with the other diets). All diets decreased TC and LDL cholesterol from baseline to treatment endpoint (P < 0.05). CanolaDHA was the only diet that increased HDL cholesterol from baseline (3.5 ± 1.8%; P < 0.05) and produced the greatest reduction in triglycerides (-20.7 ± 3.8%; P < 0.001) and in systolic blood pressure (-3.3 ± 0.8%; P < 0.001) compared with the other diets (P < 0.05). Percentage reductions in Framingham 10-y CHD risk scores (FRS) from baseline were greatest after CanolaDHA (-19.0 ± 3.1%; P < 0.001) than after other treatments (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:
|
Authors | Peter J H Jones, Vijitha K Senanayake, Shuaihua Pu, David J A Jenkins, Philip W Connelly, Benoît Lamarche, Patrick Couture, Amélie Charest, Lisa Baril-Gravel, Sheila G West, Xiaoran Liu, Jennifer A Fleming, Cindy E McCrea, Penny M Kris-Etherton |
Journal | The American journal of clinical nutrition
(Am J Clin Nutr)
Vol. 100
Issue 1
Pg. 88-97
(Jul 2014)
ISSN: 1938-3207 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 24829493
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
|
Copyright | © 2014 American Society for Nutrition. |
Chemical References |
- Cholesterol, HDL
- Cholesterol, LDL
- Dietary Carbohydrates
- Dietary Fats
- Dietary Proteins
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
- Rapeseed Oil
- Triglycerides
- Docosahexaenoic Acids
- Oleic Acid
- Safflower Oil
- Corn Oil
|
Topics |
- Adult
- Blood Pressure
(drug effects)
- Body Mass Index
- Cardiovascular Diseases
(prevention & control)
- Cholesterol, HDL
(blood)
- Cholesterol, LDL
(blood)
- Corn Oil
(administration & dosage)
- Cross-Over Studies
- Diet
- Dietary Carbohydrates
(administration & dosage)
- Dietary Fats
(administration & dosage)
- Dietary Proteins
(administration & dosage)
- Docosahexaenoic Acids
(administration & dosage)
- Double-Blind Method
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
(administration & dosage)
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oleic Acid
(administration & dosage, blood)
- Rapeseed Oil
- Risk Factors
- Safflower Oil
(administration & dosage)
- Treatment Outcome
- Triglycerides
(blood)
- Waist Circumference
|