LEAP-2, LL-37 and RNase7 in tonsillar tissue: downregulated expression in seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Abstract

In the upper airway, the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) protects against bacteria, viruses and fungi. Previous investigations have revealed downregulated expression of AMPs in different manifestations of allergic disease. In this study, we examined the expression of LL-37, Ribonuclease7 (RNase7) and Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) in tonsillar tissue and studied a possible relation to seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Tonsils, obtained from patients with SAR and nonallergic controls, were examined for the occurrence of LL-37, RNase7 and LEAP-2 with real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Tonsillar mononuclear cells were cultured in presence or absence of LEAP-2 or LL-37 and analyzed for cytokine levels using ELISA. mRNA and protein for LL-37, RNase 7 and LEAP-2 were found in all tonsils. Immunohistochemistry revealed prominent staining for LL-37 and RNase7 in the tonsillar epithelium, whereas a moderate staining was seen with LEAP-2. Real-time RT-PCR showed a downregulation of RNase7 and LEAP-2 in the allergic as compared to the nonallergic group. Mononuclear cells cultured in presence of LEAP-2 or LL-37 demonstrated reduced levels of IL-10. The present study demonstrates the presence and function of LEAP-2, LL-37 and RNase7 in tonsils. Moreover, a downregulation of LEAP-2 and RNase7 is seen in SAR patients, indicating that allergic individuals may be more susceptible to respiratory tract infections due to an impaired antimicrobial defense.

• Authors: Jesper Bogefors, Anne Månsson Kvarnhammar, Camilla Rydberg Millrud, Susanna Kumlien Georén, Lars Olaf Cardell
• Journal: Pathogens and disease (Pathog Dis) Vol. 72 Issue 1 Pg. 55-60 (Oct 2014) ISSN: 2049-632X [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24821514 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2014 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
• Blood Proteins
• Cytokines
• liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2, human
• Ribonucleases
• Ribonuclease 7
• Cathelicidins

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides (analysis)
• Blood Proteins (analysis)
• Cells, Cultured
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Down-Regulation
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
• Female
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry
• Leukocytes, Mononuclear (immunology)
• Male
• Palatine Tonsil (pathology)
• Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal (pathology)
• Ribonucleases (analysis)
• Young Adult
• Cathelicidins