Phosphorylated tau was found to be regulated after
cerebral ischemia and linked to high risk for the development of post-
stroke dementia. Our previous study showed that
ginsenoside Rd (Rd), one of the main active ingredients in Panax ginseng, decreased tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer model. As an extending study, here we investigated whether Rd could reduce tau phosphorylation and sequential cognition impairment after
ischemic stroke. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to focal
cerebral ischemia. The tau phosphorylation of rat brains were analyzed following
ischemia by Western blot and animal cognitive functions were examined by Morris water maze and Novel object recognition task. Ischemic insults increased the levels of phosphorylated
tau protein at Ser199/202 and PHF-1 sites and caused animal
memory deficits. Rd treatment attenuated
ischemia-induced enhancement of tau phosphorylation and ameliorated behavior impairment. Furthermore, we revealed that Rd inhibited the activity of
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), the most important
kinase involving tau phosphorylation, but enhanced the activity of
protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), a key
kinase suppressing GSK-3β activity. Moreover, we found that
LY294002, an antagonist for
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway, abolished the inhibitory effect of Rd on GSK-3β activity and tau phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that Rd may reduce
cerebral ischemia-induced tau phosphorylation via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.