Anakinra treatment in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes.

Abstract	We report three Caucasian patients affected by gout and type 2 diabetes, who were treated with the recombinant nonglycosylated human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (100 mg/day subcutaneously) after an unsatisfactory or incomplete response to urate-lowering therapy, colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and prednisone. The remarkable clinical improvement in joint symptoms within 24 h and in glycemic control during a 6-month period gives anakinra a potential therapeutic role in the management of gout and type 2 diabetes. When anakinra was discontinued, a gout attack occurred within 3-25 days in all three patients. The contribution of anakinra in the treatment of such syndromes is encouraging, but requires further studies to establish its long-term efficacy.
Authors	Antonio Vitale, Luca Cantarini, Donato Rigante, Marco Bardelli, Mauro Galeazzi
Journal	Clinical rheumatology (Clin Rheumatol) Vol. 34 Issue 5 Pg. 981-4 (May 2015) ISSN: 1434-9949 [Electronic] Germany
PMID	24733251 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)
Chemical References	Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Antirheumatic Agents Blood Glucose Carbamates Glycated Hemoglobin A Gout Suppressants Hypoglycemic Agents Insulin Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein Piperidines hemoglobin A1c protein, human Febuxostat Uric Acid Allopurinol repaglinide Metformin Colchicine
Topics	Aged Aged, 80 and over Allopurinol (therapeutic use) Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (therapeutic use) Antirheumatic Agents (therapeutic use) Blood Glucose (metabolism) Carbamates (therapeutic use) Colchicine (therapeutic use) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (complications, drug therapy, metabolism) Febuxostat (therapeutic use) Glycated Hemoglobin (metabolism) Gout (complications, drug therapy) Gout Suppressants (therapeutic use) Humans Hyperuricemia (blood, complications, drug therapy) Hypoglycemic Agents (therapeutic use) Insulin (therapeutic use) Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (therapeutic use) Metformin (therapeutic use) Middle Aged Piperidines (therapeutic use) Treatment Outcome Uric Acid (blood)

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