Pancreatic
adenocarcinoma is highly resistant to conventional
therapeutics and has been shown to evade apoptosis by deregulation of the X-linked and cellular inhibitors of apoptosis
proteins (XIAP and cIAP). Second mitochondria-derived activator of
caspases (Smac) induces and amplifies cell death by reversing the anti-apoptotic activity of IAPs. Thus, Smac-derived
peptide analogues (
peptidomimetics) have been developed and shown to represent promising
cancer therapeutics.
Sigma-2 receptors are overexpressed in many proliferating
tumor cells including
pancreatic cancer. Selected
ligands to this receptor are rapidly internalized by
cancer cells. These characteristics have made the
sigma-2 receptor an attractive target for
drug delivery because selective delivery to
cancer cells has the potential to increase therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity to normal tissues. Here, we describe the initial characterization of
SW IV-134, a chemically linked
drug conjugate between the sigma-2
ligand SW43 and the Smac mimetic SW IV-52 as a novel treatment option for pancreatic
adenocarcinoma. The
tumor killing characteristics of our dual-domain therapeutic
SW IV-134 was far greater than either component in isolation or in an equimolar mix and suggests enhanced cellular delivery when chemically linked to the sigma-2
ligand. One of the key findings was that
SW IV-134 retained target selectivity of the Smac cargo with the involvement of the NF-κB/TNFα signaling pathway. Importantly,
SW IV-134 slowed
tumor growth and improved survival in murine models of
pancreatic cancer. Our data support further study of this novel therapeutic and this
drug delivery strategy because it may eventually benefit patients with
pancreatic cancer.