Mutations in CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, leading to disordered ubiquitination, cause one of the commonest primordial
growth disorders,
3-M syndrome. This condition is associated with i) abnormal p53 function, ii) GH and/or IGF1 resistance, which may relate to failure to recycle signalling molecules, and iii) cellular IGF2 deficiency. However the exact molecular mechanisms that may link these abnormalities generating growth restriction remain undefined. In this study, we have used immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and transcriptomic studies to generate a 3-M 'interactome', to define key cellular pathways and
biological functions associated with growth failure seen in 3-M. We identified 189
proteins which interacted with CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, from which a network including 176 of these
proteins was generated. To strengthen the association to 3-
M syndrome, these
proteins were compared with an inferred network generated from the genes that were differentially expressed in 3-M fibroblasts compared with controls. This resulted in a final 3-M network of 131
proteins, with the most significant
biological pathway within the network being
mRNA splicing/processing. We have shown using an exogenous
insulin receptor (INSR) minigene system that alternative splicing of exon 11 is significantly changed in HEK293 cells with altered expression of CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 and in 3-M fibroblasts. The net result is a reduction in the expression of the mitogenic INSR
isoform in 3-
M syndrome. From these preliminary data, we hypothesise that disordered ubiquitination could result in aberrant
mRNA splicing in 3-M; however, further investigation is required to determine whether this contributes to growth failure.