Community-acquired
pneumonia (CAP) is a common
infection in developed countries and causes a large number of hospital admissions and deaths. In recent years, the incidence of this disease has increased, caused by progressive population aging. Following the introduction of the
conjugate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae, there have been significant epidemiological changes that require close monitoring because of the possible emergence of new patterns of resistance. This article aims to review the role of
ceftaroline fosamil, a new parenteral
cephalosporin with antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens, in the treatment of
pneumonia. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the efficacy of
ceftaroline fosamil against
penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Additionally,
ceftaroline has shown similar efficacy and safety to
ceftriaxone in the treatment of community-acquired
pneumonia with severe prognosis (prognostic severity index III and IV) in two phase III clinical trials. Although a non-inferiority design was used for these clinical trials, some data suggest a superior efficacy of
ceftaroline, with earlier clinical response and higher cure rate in
infections caused by S. pneumoniae, making this
drug particularly interesting for
critically-ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Ceftaroline may also be considered for empirical and directed treatment of MRSA
pneumonia.