Abstract |
Individuals with an extra X chromosome are at increased risk for autism symptoms. This study is the first to assess theory of mind and facial affect labeling in children with an extra X chromosome. Forty-six children with an extra X chromosome (29 boys with Klinefelter syndrome and 17 girls with Trisomy X), 56 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 88 non-clinical controls, aged 9-18 years, were included. Similar to children with ASD, children with an extra X chromosome showed significant impairments in social cognition. Regression analyses showed that different cognitive functions predicted social cognitive skills in the extra X and ASD groups. The social cognitive deficits were similar for boys and girls with an extra X chromosome, and not specific for a subgroup with high Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised autism scores. Thus, children with an extra X chromosome show social cognitive deficits, which may contribute to social dysfunction, not only in children showing a developmental pattern that is 'typical' for autism but also in those showing mild or late presenting autism symptoms. Our findings may also help explain variance in type of social deficit: children may show similar social difficulties, but these may arise as a consequence of different underlying information processing deficits.
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Authors | S van Rijn, L Stockmann, G van Buggenhout, C van Ravenswaaij-Arts, H Swaab |
Journal | Genes, brain, and behavior
(Genes Brain Behav)
Vol. 13
Issue 5
Pg. 459-67
(Jun 2014)
ISSN: 1601-183X [Electronic] England |
PMID | 24655419
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society. |
Topics |
- Adolescent
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
(diagnosis, physiopathology)
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Cognition
- Emotional Intelligence
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Sex Chromosome Aberrations
- Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development
(diagnosis, physiopathology)
- Social Behavior
- Trisomy
(diagnosis, physiopathology)
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