Abstract |
Diet is a relevant source of exposure to environmental pollutants. Dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL- PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs) by the Italian population was assessed through a duplicate diet study on prepared meals. Baby food composite representative of the diet of toddlers aged 9-12 months and school canteen servings from four towns in Italy representing the diet of children aged 4-9 years were collected on a 5-day basis. Similarly, 5-day lunches from an office canteen, 7-day lunches from a hotel-school, three fast food meals, and eight duplicate 1-day meals of individuals (one vegetarian) were selected to represent the diet of adults aged above 18 years. Servings from each diet were then pooled to form a composite and analysed. Dietary intake was estimated from the resulting contaminant levels in composites combined with age-related food consumption data from national survey. The mean upper bound (UB) intakes for cumulative PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL- PCBs were 0.67, 0.63-0.92, and 0.27-0.63 pg WHO2005-TE kg(-1) body weight (bw) day(-1) for toddlers, children and adults, respectively. BDE-47 (UB) ng kg(-1) bw day(-1) estimates were 2.75 in toddlers, 0.08-0.16 in children and 0.03-0.09 in adults. Similarly, for BDE-99 higher UB intakes (ng kg(-1) bw day(-1)) resulted in toddlers (1.26), than those in children (0.06-0.08) and adults (0.03-0.10), respectively. The above estimates fall below the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) (14 WHO2005-TE kg(-1) bw day(-1)) established by the European Union Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) for PCDD/Fs and DL- PCBs. The margin of exposure (MOE = 3) of toddlers to BDE-99 clearly indicates this age group as target for a risk-oriented approach. This study is proposed as a first cost-effective screening in PCDD, PCDF, DL-PCB and PBDE intake assessment, with a focus also on time trends.
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Authors | Stefania P De Filippis, Gianfranco Brambilla, Elena Dellatte, Federica Corrado, Mauro Esposito |
Journal | Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment
(Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess)
Vol. 31
Issue 6
Pg. 1114-26
( 2014)
ISSN: 1944-0057 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 24645918
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Benzofurans
- Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
- Environmental Pollutants
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls
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Topics |
- Adult
- Benzofurans
(analysis, toxicity)
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
- Eating
- Environmental Exposure
- Environmental Pollutants
(analysis, toxicity)
- Female
- Food Contamination
(analysis)
- Food Handling
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
(analysis, toxicity)
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant Food
(analysis, toxicity)
- Italy
- Male
- Meals
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(analysis, toxicity)
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
(analogs & derivatives, analysis, toxicity)
- Risk Assessment
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