Clinically, precisely heating and thus completely ablating diseased
tumor tissue through
laser beam is still facing many technical challenges. In this study, numerical simulation of a conformal heating modality based on multi-beam
laser along with biodegradable
magnesium nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) was put forward to treat liver
tumor with large size or irregular shape. Further, a Gaussian-like distribution was proposed to investigate the influence of Mg-NP deposition on the nanoenhanced
laser-induced interstitial
thermotherapy (LITT). A temperature feedback system was adopted to control the temperature range to avoid overheating. To preliminarily validate the heating enhancement induced by the applied multi-beam
laser and Mg-NPs, a conceptual experiment was performed. Both theoretical simulation and experimental measurements demonstrated that multi-beam
laser with Mg-NPs could improve efficiency in the conformal heating of
tumors with irregular shape or large size. In addition, the distribution and content of Mg-NPs produced significant impact on
thermotherapy: (1) The adjustable parameter σ in the Gaussian-like distribution could reflect various practical situations and diffusivities of Mg-NPs; (2) under the premise of the same concentration of Mg-NPs and short time to heat a small-sized target, the whole liver
tumor containing Mg-NPs could not improve the efficiency as the nanoparticles limited the photons to be absorbed only around the fibers, while liver
tumor partially containing Mg-NPs could improve the
thermotherapy efficiency up to 20 %; and (3) the addition of Mg-NPs was rather beneficial for realizing a conformal heating as the residual thermal energy was much less than that without Mg-NPs. This study suggests a feasible and promising modality for planning a high-performance LITT in future clinics.