The aim of the study was to isolate the
harmine alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala (
TAPH) and its cerebroprotective effect on cognitive deficit mice. The tested doses of
TAPH were screened for
Sodium nitrite induced
hypoxia and
Ethanol induced neurodegeneration using behavioral models. The
TAPH was found to be non-neurotoxic and Psychoactive by preventing the motor impairment and increasing the locomotion activity of animals in Rota rod and Actophotometer respectively.
TAPH (5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg kg(-1) p.o.) significantly (p < 0.001) protected the
Sodium nitrite induced memory impairment by decreasing the time require to find the water bottle in special water bottle case model. In Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Passive
Shock Avoidance paradigm (PSA) the
TAPH shown improved acquisition and retention memory significantly (p < 0.001) by decreasing the Transverse Latency Time (TLT) and increasing the Step Down Latency (SDL), respectively in dose dependent manner. The results were well supported by biochemical parameters, by inhibiting the Acetylcholinestrase (p < 0.01) activity, increasing the GSH (p < 0.001) level and decreasing the
TBARS (p < 0.001) level of whole brain. Moreover
TAPH has shown the significant
Monoamine oxidase-A (
MAO-A) inhibition action (p < 0.001), hence it reduces the metabolism of
epinephrine,
5-HT and other monoamines and enhances the action of these
neurotransmitters indirectly; this
adrenergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. Further,
TAPH (5 mg kg(-1)) protect the DNA fragmentation of frontotemporal cortex of the brain from hypoxic effect induced by
Sodium nitrite in Gel Electrophoresis studies. The results were comparable to their respective standards. Hence,
harmine alkaloids are potential enough to utilize in the management of
Neurodegenerative disorders of the type
Alzheimer's diseases.