[Report of a case with secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia after therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and review of literature].

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the characteristics and risk of etoposide-related leukemia in the treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

METHOD:

Clinical characteristics of a case with secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were summarized and 10 cases of secondary leukemia after treatment for HLH from literature were analyzed.

RESULT:

The child was diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus associated HLH and received HLH-2004 protocol. The cumulative dose of etoposide (VP16) was 3520 mg/m(2). The patient was diagnosed with APL after 28 months of HLH.He achieved complete remission after induction chemotherapy of all-trans-retinoic acid and darubicin. Consolidated chemotherapy was continued. There were 10 reports of etoposide-related leukemia after treatment for HLH in the literature.Review of 11 cases treated with VP16, of which cumulative doses were 900-20 500 mg/m(2). The interval period between HLH and secondary leukemia was 24 months. The types of secondary leukemia included 1 case with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1 case with myelodysplastic syndrome and 9 cases of acute myeloid leukemia. The abnormalities of chromosome included 3 patients with 11q23, 3 APL patients with t (15, 17).Seven patients survived and 4 died.

CONCLUSION:

The latency period of etoposide-related leukemia is short. Acute myeloid leukemia and balanced chromosomal abnormality are common in etoposide-related leukemia. The risk factors for development of secondary leukemia are related to cumulative drug doses of etoposide, treatment schedules and co-administration of other antineoplastic agents.It is appropriate to keep suitable range of the cumulative dose of etoposide in HLH therapy in order to reduce the risk of therapy related leukemia.

• Authors: Yan Su, Xuan Zhou, Li Zhang, Rui Zhang
• Journal: Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics (Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi) Vol. 51 Issue 12 Pg. 938-42 (Dec 2013) ISSN: 0578-1310 [Print] China
• PMID: 24495767 (Publication Type: Case Reports, English Abstract, Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents
• Tretinoin
• Etoposide
• Daunorubicin

Topics

• Acute Disease
• Antineoplastic Agents (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Child, Preschool
• Daunorubicin (administration & dosage)
• Epstein-Barr Virus Infections (complications, drug therapy, virology)
• Etoposide (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Humans
• Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute (chemically induced, drug therapy)
• Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic (complications, drug therapy, virology)
• Male
• Neoplasms, Second Primary (chemically induced)
• Risk Assessment
• Treatment Outcome
• Tretinoin (administration & dosage)