Moderate swimming exercise and caffeine supplementation reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines without causing oxidative stress in tissues of middle-aged rats.

Abstract

The levels of circulatory inflammatory markers, including interleukin (IL) IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon (INF-γ), are known to increase associated to aging. Caffeine has been reported to produce many beneficial effects for health. Exercise is considered to be a safe medicine to attenuate inflammation and cellular senescence. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a moderate-intensity swimming exercise (3 % of body weight, 20 min per day, 4 weeks) and sub-chronic supplementation with caffeine (30 mg/kg, 4 weeks) on the serum cytokine levels in middle-aged (18 months) Wistar rats. The effects of swimming exercise and caffeine on oxidative stress in muscle and liver of middle-aged rats were also investigated. The two-way ANOVA of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels demonstrated a significant exercise x caffeine interaction for IL-1β (F (1, 16) = 9.5772; p = 0.0069), IL-6 (F (1, 16) = 8.0463; p = 0.0119) and INF-γ (F (1, 16) = 15.078; p = 0.0013). The two-way ANOVA of TNF-α levels revealed a significant exercise × caffeine interaction (F (1, 16) = 9.6881; p = 0.00670). Swimming exercise and caffeine supplementation increased the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione in the rat liver and gastrocnemius muscle. Hepatic and renal markers of damage were not modified. In conclusion, a moderate-intensity swimming exercise protocol and caffeine supplementation induced positive adaptations in modulating cytokine levels without causing oxidative stress in muscle and liver of middle-aged rats.

• Authors: José L Cechella, Marlon R Leite, Fernando Dobrachinski, Juliana T da Rocha, Nelson R Carvalho, Marta M M F Duarte, Félix A A Soares, Guilherme Bresciani, Luiz F F Royes, Gilson Zeni
• Journal: Amino acids (Amino Acids) Vol. 46 Issue 5 Pg. 1187-95 (May 2014) ISSN: 1438-2199 [Electronic] Austria
• PMID: 24481487 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Cytokines
• Caffeine

Topics

• Aging (drug effects, genetics, metabolism)
• Animals
• Caffeine (administration & dosage)
• Cytokines (genetics, metabolism)
• Dietary Supplements (analysis)
• Exercise Therapy
• Humans
• Inflammation (drug therapy, metabolism, therapy)
• Liver (drug effects, metabolism)
• Male
• Muscle, Skeletal (drug effects, metabolism)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Rats
• Rats, Wistar
• Swimming