All-trans-retinoic acid ameliorates the inflammation by inducing transforming growth factor beta 1 and interleukin 10 in mouse epididymitis.

Abstract

PROBLEM:

Epididymitis, one of the most common urological diseases, can lead to the destruction of the epididymal duct and cause transient or permanent sterility. The aim of this study was to investigate the functions and related mechanisms of all trans retinoic acid (atRA) in alleviating the acute inflammation of epididymitis.

METHOD OF STUDY:

The mouse model of the epididymitis was induced by injecting Escherichia coli into the cauda epididymis. atRA was administrated for five consecutive days through intraperitoneal injection. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. In addition, cultured primary mouse epididymal epithelial cells were treated with different concentrations of atRA and RAR antagonists to identify whether the effect of atRA was mediated through RAR.

RESULTS:

Our results demonstrate that atRA ameliorates the inflammation in mouse epididymitis by decreasing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors including TGF-β1 and IL-10. Our results show that the upregulating effect of atRA on TGF-β1 was mediated by RARα, and the enhancing effect of atRA on IL-10 expression was mediated via RARβ.

CONCLUSION:

These new results suggest that atRA is involved in regulating the inflammatory response of epididymis.

• Authors: Wei Cao, Weigan Chen, Xiaoxuan Liang, Jinlian Zhou, Chao Wei, Sheng Cui, Jiali Liu
• Journal: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) (Am J Reprod Immunol) Vol. 71 Issue 4 Pg. 312-21 (Apr 2014) ISSN: 1600-0897 [Electronic] Denmark
• PMID: 24410928 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Rara protein, mouse
• Receptors, Retinoic Acid
• Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
• Transforming Growth Factor beta1
• retinoic acid receptor beta
• Interleukin-10
• Tretinoin

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (therapeutic use)
• Cells, Cultured
• Disease Models, Animal
• Epididymis (microbiology, pathology)
• Epididymitis (drug therapy, microbiology)
• Escherichia coli (pathogenicity)
• Escherichia coli Infections (pathology)
• Inflammation (drug therapy)
• Interleukin-10 (biosynthesis)
• Male
• Mice
• Receptors, Retinoic Acid (metabolism)
• Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
• Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (biosynthesis)
• Tretinoin (therapeutic use)
• Up-Regulation