Genotype-phenotype associations in WT1 glomerulopathy.

Abstract

WT1 mutations cause a wide spectrum of renal and extrarenal manifestations. Here we evaluated disease prevalence, phenotype spectrum, and genotype-phenotype correlations of 61 patients with WT1-related steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome relative to 700 WT1-negative patients, all with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. WT1 patients more frequently presented with chronic kidney disease and hypertension at diagnosis and exhibited more rapid disease progression. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was equally prevalent in both cohorts, but diffuse mesangial sclerosis was largely specific for WT1 disease and was present in 34% of cases. Sex reversal and/or urogenital abnormalities (52%), Wilms tumor (38%), and gonadoblastoma (5%) were almost exclusive to WT1 disease. Missense substitutions affecting DNA-binding residues were associated with diffuse mesangial sclerosis (74%), early steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome onset, and rapid progression to ESRD. Truncating mutations conferred the highest Wilms tumor risk (78%) but typically late-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Intronic (KTS) mutations were most likely to present as isolated steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (37%) with a median onset at an age of 4.5 years, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on biopsy, and slow progression (median ESRD age 13.6 years). Thus, there is a wide range of expressivity, solid genotype-phenotype associations, and a high risk and significance of extrarenal complications in WT1-associated nephropathy. We suggest that all children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome undergo WT1 gene screening.

• Authors: Beata S Lipska, Bruno Ranchin, Paraskevas Iatropoulos, Jutta Gellermann, Anette Melk, Fatih Ozaltin, Gianluca Caridi, Tomas Seeman, Kalman Tory, Augustina Jankauskiene, Aleksandra Zurowska, Maria Szczepanska, Anna Wasilewska, Jerome Harambat, Agnes Trautmann, Amira Peco-Antic, Halina Borzecka, Anna Moczulska, Bassam Saeed, Radovan Bogdanovic, Mukaddes Kalyoncu, Eva Simkova, Ozlem Erdogan, Kristina Vrljicak, Ana Teixeira, Marta Azocar, Franz Schaefer, PodoNet Consortium
• Journal: Kidney international (Kidney Int) Vol. 85 Issue 5 Pg. 1169-78 (May 2014) ISSN: 1523-1755 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24402088 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• WT1 Proteins
• WT1 protein, human

Topics

• Age of Onset
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• DNA Mutational Analysis
• Disease Progression
• Female
• Genetic Association Studies
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease
• Genetic Testing (methods)
• Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental (diagnosis, epidemiology, genetics, therapy)
• Humans
• Incidence
• Infant
• Male
• Mutation
• Nephrotic Syndrome (congenital, diagnosis, epidemiology, genetics, therapy)
• Phenotype
• Prevalence
• Prognosis
• Registries
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (diagnosis, epidemiology, genetics, therapy)
• Risk Factors
• Time Factors
• WT1 Proteins (genetics)