Abstract | INTRODUCTION: AREAS COVERED: Discoveries of the key role played by bile acids (BAs) and nuclear receptors (NRs) in regulating liver and metabolic homeostasis have led to promising therapeutic approaches in liver diseases. A PubMed search for the recent literature on NRs in liver disease was conducted. In particular, obeticholic acid (OCA) is a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist that has an important role in the enterohepatic circulation of BAs. Preliminary studies of OCA in patients with PBC have demonstrated marked biochemical improvement when administered in combination with UDCA and alone. Pruritus is the most common side effect, limiting treatment at higher doses. Budesonide is a glucocorticoid receptor/ pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist also involved in BA synthesis, metabolism and transport. Studies with budesonide have shown positive effects of short-term combination therapy in selected patients with early stage disease and overlapping features of autoimmune hepatitis. EXPERT OPINION: Though larger studies are needed, preliminary results of agents targeting FXR and PXR have been encouraging, particularly in subsets of patients with PBC and may mark a new therapeutic era.
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Authors | Marina G Silveira, Keith D Lindor |
Journal | Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
(Expert Opin Pharmacother)
Vol. 15
Issue 3
Pg. 365-72
(Feb 2014)
ISSN: 1744-7666 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 24382005
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
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Chemical References |
- Bile Acids and Salts
- Pregnane X Receptor
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
- Receptors, Steroid
- obeticholic acid
- farnesoid X-activated receptor
- Chenodeoxycholic Acid
- Budesonide
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Topics |
- Bile Acids and Salts
(metabolism)
- Budesonide
(therapeutic use)
- Chenodeoxycholic Acid
(analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use)
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
(drug therapy, metabolism)
- Pregnane X Receptor
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
(agonists)
- Receptors, Steroid
(agonists)
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