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The m.3243A>G mitochondrial DNA mutation and related phenotypes. A matter of gender?

Abstract
The m.3243A>G "MELAS" (mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) mutation is one of the most common point mutations of the mitochondrial DNA, but its phenotypic variability is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to revise the phenotypic spectrum associated with the mitochondrial m.3243A>G mutation in 126 Italian carriers of the mutation, by a retrospective, database-based study ("Nation-wide Italian Collaborative Network of Mitochondrial Diseases"). Our results confirmed the high clinical heterogeneity of the m.3243A>G mutation. Hearing loss and diabetes were the most frequent clinical features, followed by stroke-like episodes. "MIDD" (maternally-inherited diabetes and deafness) and "PEO" (progressive external ophthalmoplegia) are nosographic terms without any real prognostic value, because these patients may be even more prone to the development of multisystem complications such as stroke-like episodes and heart involvement. The "MELAS" acronym is convincing and useful to denote patients with histological, biochemical and/or molecular evidence of mitochondrial disease who experience stroke-like episodes. Of note, we observed for the first time that male gender could represent a risk factor for the development of stroke-like episodes in Italian m.3243A>G carriers. Gender effect is not a new concept in mitochondrial medicine, but it has never been observed in MELAS. A better elucidation of the complex network linking mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, estrogen effects and stroke-like episodes may hold therapeutic promises.
AuthorsMichelangelo Mancuso, Daniele Orsucci, Corrado Angelini, Enrico Bertini, Valerio Carelli, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Alice Donati, Carlo Minetti, Maurizio Moggio, Tiziana Mongini, Serenella Servidei, Paola Tonin, Antonio Toscano, Graziella Uziel, Claudio Bruno, Elena Caldarazzo Ienco, Massimiliano Filosto, Costanza Lamperti, Michela Catteruccia, Isabella Moroni, Olimpia Musumeci, Elena Pegoraro, Dario Ronchi, Filippo Maria Santorelli, Donato Sauchelli, Mauro Scarpelli, Monica Sciacco, Maria Lucia Valentino, Liliana Vercelli, Massimo Zeviani, Gabriele Siciliano
JournalJournal of neurology (J Neurol) Vol. 261 Issue 3 Pg. 504-10 (Mar 2014) ISSN: 1432-1459 [Electronic] Germany
PMID24375076 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • DNA, Mitochondrial
Topics
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics)
  • Databases, Genetic
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Heterozygote
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Italy
  • MELAS Syndrome (genetics, physiopathology)
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies (classification, genetics, physiopathology)
  • Mutation (genetics)
  • Phenotype
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sex Factors
  • Young Adult

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