Maropitant prevented vomiting but not gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs premedicated with acepromazine-hydromorphone.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the efficacy of maropitant for prevention of vomiting and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in dogs following acepromazine-hydromorphone premedication and inhalation anesthesia.

STUDY DESIGN:

Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical study.

ANIMALS:

Twenty-six dogs admitted for elective soft tissue or orthopedic procedures that were 3.1 ±3.1 years of age and weighed 20.5 ± 11.4 kg.

METHODS:

Dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group M received maropitant (1.0 mg kg(-1) ) and Group S received 0.9% saline (0.1 mL kg(-1) ) intravenously 45-60 minutes before premedication with hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg(-1) ) and acepromazine (0.03 mg kg(-1) ) intramuscularly. An observer blinded to treatment documented any retching or vomiting for 20 minutes before induction with propofol (2-6 mg kg(-1) ) and inhalation anesthesia. A pH probe inserted into the distal esophagus was used to detect GER.

RESULTS:

None of the dogs in Group M retched or vomited (0/13), 6/13 (46%) in Group S were observed to retch or vomit, and the difference between groups was significant (p = 0.015). There were no differences between groups in the number of dogs with GER (Group M: 4/13, Group S: 6/13 dogs) or the number of reflux events. Esophageal pH at the end of anesthesia was significantly lower in both M and S groups in dogs with GER versus dogs without GER (p = 0.004 and 0.011, respectively). Only dogs with GER in Group S had significantly lower pH at the end compared to the beginning of anesthesia (p = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Intravenous maropitant prevented retching and vomiting associated with acepromazine-hydromorphone premedication. Maropitant did not prevent the occurrence of GER. Fewer dogs in Group M developed GER but further study with a larger number of dogs is necessary to determine if there is a significant difference.

• Authors: Rebecca A Johnson
• Journal: Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia (Vet Anaesth Analg) Vol. 41 Issue 4 Pg. 406-10 (Jul 2014) ISSN: 1467-2995 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 24330310 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2013 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.

Chemical References

• Analgesics, Opioid
• Antiemetics
• Dopamine Antagonists
• Quinuclidines
• maropitant
• Acepromazine
• Hydromorphone

Topics

• Acepromazine (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Analgesics, Opioid (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Anesthesia, Inhalation (adverse effects, veterinary)
• Animals
• Antiemetics (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
• Dog Diseases (chemically induced, prevention & control)
• Dogs
• Dopamine Antagonists (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Esophagus
• Female
• Gastroesophageal Reflux (chemically induced, prevention & control, veterinary)
• Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
• Hydromorphone (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Male
• Quinuclidines (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
• Vomiting (chemically induced, prevention & control, veterinary)