Increasing endogenous
ciliary neurotrophic factor (
CNTF) expression with a pharmacological agent might be beneficial after
stroke as
CNTF both promotes neurogenesis and, separately, is neuroprotective. P2X7
purinergic receptor inhibition is neuroprotective in rats and increases
CNTF release in rat CMT1A Schwann cells. We, first, investigated the role of P2X7 in regulating
CNTF and neurogenesis in adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ).
CNTF expression was increased by daily
intravenous injections of the P2X7 antagonist
Brilliant Blue G (BBG) in naïve C57BL/6 or Balb/c mice over 3 days. Despite the ∼40-60 % increase or decrease in
CNTF with BBG or the agonist
BzATP, respectively, the number of proliferated BrdU+SVZ nuclei did not change. BBG failed to increase
FGF2, which is involved in
CNTF-regulated neurogenesis, but induced
IL-6, LIF, and
EGF, which are known to reduce SVZ proliferation.
Injections of
IL-6 next to the SVZ induced
CNTF and
FGF2, but not proliferation, suggesting that
IL-6 counteracts their neurogenesis-inducing effects. Following ischemic injury of the striatum by
middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), a 3-day BBG treatment increased
CNTF in the medial penumbra containing the SVZ. BBG also induced
CNTF and LIF, which are known to be protective following
stroke, in the whole striatum after MCAO, but not
GDNF or
BDNF. However, BBG treatment did not reduce the lesion area or apoptosis in the penumbra. Even so, this study shows that P2X7 can be targeted with systemic
drug treatments to differentially regulate
neurotrophic factors in the brain following
stroke.