Alterations in
serotonin (5-HT) neurochemistry have been implicated in the etiology of major neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety-spectrum disorders, depression, and
schizophrenia. The neuromodulatory effects of
5-HT are mediated through 14 receptor subtypes, and those receptors, including the
5-HT1A receptor, are considered to be potential targets for the treatment of
psychiatric disorders. We developed the novel
5-HT1A receptor agonist
MKC-242 (called
osemozotan) and characterized its neurochemical and pharmacological profiles.
5-HT1A receptor agonists modulate the release of
amine neurotransmitters through the activation of presynaptic or postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in the brain. The agonist has antianxiety and
antidepressant effects and improves abnormal behaviors such as aggressive behavior and deficits of prepulse inhibition in isolation-reared mice. We also demonstrated that spinal
5-HT1A receptor activation is involved in isolation rearing-induced hypoalgesia. Concerning the mechanism for induction of isolation-induced abnormal behaviors, we have recently found that the raphe-prefrontal
5-HT system plays a key role in encounter stimulation-induced hyperactivity in isolation-reared mice. Furthermore, we showed that
osemozotan attenuates psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization and that prefrontal
dopamine release is enhanced by functional interaction between the
5-HT1A receptor and other receptors. This review summarizes the neuropharmacology of the
5-HT1A receptor, focusing on our studies using
osemozotan, and suggests that the
5-HT1A receptor may be a target molecule for the treatment of
psychiatric disorders,
pain, and
drug dependence.