[Autoimmune encephalitis and its related-disorders].

Abstract

Over the last few years, various autoantibodies against cell surface or intracellular antigens were identified in association with several forms of encephalitis, i.e. autoimmune encephalitis. Immunoprecipitaion and sequence analysis of the target protein (proteomics) provided the identification of the antigens corresponding to autoantibodies in autoimmune encephalitis. Appropriate preparation of antigens (synthesized peptides, or recombinant proteins prepared in E.coli or cultured mammalian cells) and assay systems (immunoblot, ELISA, immunoprecipitation or cell-based assay) should be selected for detection of each autoantibodies.Limbic encephalitis characterized by psychosis, dementia, seizures and abnormal movements is a common form of autoimmune encephalitis. Autoantibodies against the NMDA receptor, the AMPA receptor or the VGKC complex (LGI1 and Caspr2) were identified in limbic encephalitis with or without tumor association. Especially, limbic encephalitis associated with anti-NMDA receptor and ovarian teratoma became a distinct neurologic disorder to date.The intracellular antigens are also involved in several forms of encephalitis. Cerebellar ataxia is a common form of autoimmune encephalitis (cerebellits). The autoimmune cerebellar ataxia consists of paraneoplastic ataxia (anti-Yo etc.), anti-GAD-autoantibodies associated ataxia, gluten ataxia (anti-gliadin) and ataxic form of Hashimoto's encephalitis (anti-NAE).The early and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis is important because most patients show responses to immunotherapy.

• Authors: Makoto Yoneda
• Journal: Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology (Rinsho Shinkeigaku) Vol. 53 Issue 11 Pg. 1059-62 ( 2013) ISSN: 1882-0654 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 24291879 (Publication Type: English Abstract, Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Adrenal Cortex Hormones
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
• Autoantibodies
• Biomarkers
• Immunologic Factors
• Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
• Rituximab

Topics

• Adrenal Cortex Hormones (therapeutic use)
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived (therapeutic use)
• Autoantibodies (blood)
• Biomarkers (blood)
• Brain Diseases (diagnosis, immunology, therapy)
• Encephalitis
• Female
• Hashimoto Disease (diagnosis, immunology, therapy)
• Humans
• Immunologic Factors (therapeutic use)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (immunology)
• Rituximab
• Young Adult