Abstract | BACKGROUND: OBJECTIVE: DESIGN: The China Health and Nutrition Survey cohort includes 16,869 adults aged 20-60 y from 1991 to 2009. Three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and condiment and food weights provided detailed dietary data. Multinomial logistic regression models determined trends and patterns of sodium and potassium intake and the Na/K ratio. Models for survival-time data estimated the hazard of incident hypertension. RESULTS:
Sodium intake is decreasing but remains double the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Most sodium comes from added condiments. Adults in the central provinces have the highest sodium intake and the most rapid increase in hypertension. Potassium intake has increased slightly but is below half of the recommended amount. The Na/K ratio is significantly higher than the recommended amounts. Recent measurements of high sodium intake, low potassium intake, and high Na/K ratio have strong independent dose-response associations with incident hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing sodium in processed foods, the major public health strategy in Western countries, may be less effective in China, where salt intake remains high. Replacing sodium with potassium in salt to control and prevent hypertension in China should be considered along with other public health and clinical prevention options.
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Authors | Shufa Du, Andrea Neiman, Carolina Batis, Huijun Wang, Bing Zhang, Jiguo Zhang, Barry M Popkin |
Journal | The American journal of clinical nutrition
(Am J Clin Nutr)
Vol. 99
Issue 2
Pg. 334-43
(Feb 2014)
ISSN: 1938-3207 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 24257724
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
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Chemical References |
- Potassium, Dietary
- Sodium, Dietary
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Topics |
- Adult
- China
(epidemiology)
- Cohort Studies
- Feeding Behavior
- Female
- Humans
- Hypertension
(epidemiology, prevention & control)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nutrition Surveys
- Potassium, Dietary
(administration & dosage, adverse effects)
- Public Health
- Sodium, Dietary
(administration & dosage, adverse effects)
- Young Adult
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