Abstract |
Ca(2+) flux through l-type CaV1.2 channels shapes the waveform of the ventricular action potential (AP) and is essential for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. Timothy syndrome (TS) is a disease caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the CaV1.2 channel (CaV1.2-TS) that decreases inactivation of the channel, which increases Ca(2+) influx, prolongs APs, and causes lethal arrhythmias. Although many details of the CaV1.2-TS channels are known, the cellular mechanisms by which they induce arrhythmogenic changes in intracellular Ca(2+) remain unclear. We found that expression of CaV1.2-TS channels increased sarcolemmal Ca(2+) "leak" in resting TS ventricular myocytes. This resulted in higher diastolic [Ca(2+)]i in TS ventricular myocytes compared to WT. Accordingly, TS myocytes had higher sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load and Ca(2+) spark activity, larger amplitude [Ca(2+)]i transients, and augmented frequency of Ca(2+) waves. The large SR Ca(2+) release in TS myocytes had a profound effect on the kinetics of CaV1.2 current in these cells, increasing the rate of inactivation to a high, persistent level. This limited the amount of influx during EC coupling in TS myocytes. The relationship between the level of expression of CaV1.2-TS channels and the probability of Ca(2+) wave occurrence was non-linear, suggesting that even low levels of these channels were sufficient to induce maximal changes in [Ca(2+)]i. Depolarization of WT cardiomyocytes with a TS AP waveform increased, but did not equalize [Ca(2+)]i, compared to depolarization of TS myocytes with the same waveform. We propose that CaV1.2-TS channels increase [Ca(2+)] in the cytosol and the SR, creating a Ca(2+)overloaded state that increases the probability of arrhythmogenic spontaneous SR Ca(2+) release.
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Authors | Benjamin M L Drum, Rose E Dixon, Can Yuan, Edward P Cheng, Luis F Santana |
Journal | Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
(J Mol Cell Cardiol)
Vol. 66
Pg. 63-71
(Jan 2014)
ISSN: 1095-8584 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 24215710
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- CACNA1C protein, mouse
- Calcium Channels, L-Type
- Calcium
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Topics |
- Action Potentials
(physiology)
- Animals
- Autistic Disorder
- Calcium
(metabolism)
- Calcium Channels, L-Type
(genetics, metabolism)
- Disease Models, Animal
- Excitation Contraction Coupling
- Gene Expression
- Heart Ventricles
(metabolism, pathology)
- Long QT Syndrome
(genetics, metabolism, pathology)
- Mice
- Myocytes, Cardiac
(metabolism, pathology)
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
(metabolism)
- Syndactyly
(genetics, metabolism, pathology)
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