Abstract | PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain. METHODS: We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adult patients undergoing minor surgery were randomly allocated to one of three administration groups: A (60 ml/h, n = 34); B (120 ml/h, n = 34); or C (180 ml/h, n = 34). All patients scored the maximal pain experienced during the 120-s infusion period, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain score (VPS). Adverse events including phlebitis were recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients (29 in group A, 27 each in groups B and C) were included in the final analysis. The incidence of injection pain was lower in group A (86.2 %) than in groups B (96.3 %) and C (100 %), but this difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with a tolerable level of pain (VAS 0-3 and VPS 0-1) was significantly higher in group A (79.3 %) versus groups B (7.4 %) and C (3.7 %). The mean VAS scores for groups A, B, and C were 2.2 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.6, and 7.2 ± 1.7, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: At the slower rate of infusion (60 ml/h) of the 1.5 mg/ml nefopam solution, injection pain intensity was attenuated to a significantly greater degree than at the faster rates.
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Authors | Young Min Kim, Byung Gun Lim, Heezoo Kim, Myoung Hoon Kong, Mi Kyoung Lee, Il Ok Lee |
Journal | Journal of anesthesia
(J Anesth)
Vol. 28
Issue 3
Pg. 399-406
(Jun 2014)
ISSN: 1438-8359 [Electronic] Japan |
PMID | 24201414
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Nefopam
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
(administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nefopam
(administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
- Pain
(drug therapy)
- Pain Measurement
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