Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Acaudina molpadioides improves hyperglycemia via activation of PKB/GLUT4 signaling in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant mice.

Abstract	In this study, we investigated the improvement of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (CHS) from the cucumber Acaudina molpadioides on hyperglycemia in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant mice. CHS, rosiglitazone (RSG), and their combinations were supplemented to high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD)-fed C57BL/6J mice for 19 weeks. The results showed that CHS treatment remarkably decreased blood glucose level and insulin resistance. The glucose metabolism-related genes expressions at the transcriptional level were apparently increased in skeletal muscle. Although the total protein expressions of IR-β, IRS-1, PI3K, PKB and GLUT4 in skeletal muscle were not affected, insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and phosphorylation of Tyr-IR-β, Tyr612-IRS-1, p85-PI3K, Ser473-PKB, and Thr308-PKB were significantly increased by CHS supplement. Additionally, combination of CHS and RSG produced synergistic effects on anti-hyperglycemia. These results indicate that CHS can alleviate hyperglycemia via activation of the PKB/GLUT4 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant mice.
Authors	Shiwei Hu, Yaoguang Chang, Jingfeng Wang, Changhu Xue, Di Shi, Hui Xu, Yuming Wang
Journal	Food & function (Food Funct) Vol. 4 Issue 11 Pg. 1639-46 (Nov 2013) ISSN: 2042-650X [Electronic] England
PMID	24061149 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Biological Factors Blood Glucose Glucose Transporter Type 4 Insulin Chondroitin Sulfates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases PDZ-binding kinase
Topics	Animals Biological Factors (administration & dosage, chemistry) Blood Glucose (metabolism) Chondroitin Sulfates (administration & dosage, chemistry) Glucose Transporter Type 4 (genetics, metabolism) Humans Hyperglycemia (drug therapy, genetics, metabolism) Insulin (blood) Insulin Resistance Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (genetics, metabolism) Muscle, Skeletal (drug effects, metabolism) Sea Cucumbers (chemistry) Signal Transduction

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