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Higher fecal bile acid hydrophobicity is associated with exacerbation of dextran sodium sulfate colitis in mice.

Abstract
Increased luminal bile acid hydrophobicity is associated with cytotoxicity and has been suggested to contribute to gut barrier dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare 2 high-fat diets and a low-fat diet as to whether they modify fecal bile acid profile and hydrophobicity and/or susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis in C57Bl/6J mice. Control and DSS-Control groups received a low-fat control diet [5.5% of total energy (E%) soy oil, 4.5 E% lard], and the DSS-Lard (5.5 E% soy oil, 54.5 E% lard) and DSS-Fish oil (5.5 E% soy oil, 27.2 E% lard and 27.2% menhaden oil) groups received high-fat diets. Feces for bile acid analysis were collected after 3-wk feeding, followed by induction of dextran DSS colitis (2 d 5% DSS in drinking water + 2 d tap water). Fecal bile acid hydrophobicity was elevated 76% in the lard group (P = 0.051) and 122% in the fish oil group (P = 0.001) compared with control, indicating potentially increased cytotoxicity. DSS caused severe colitis symptoms, evaluated as rectal bleeding, whereas all the controls were symptom free. The median symptom scores were: DSS-Control, 2.3 (IQR = 0.6, 3.0); DSS-Lard, 0.3 (IQR = 0, 2.3); and DSS-Fish oil, 2.4 (IQR = 1.9, 2.8). The only differences were DSS-Control vs. control (P < 0.001) and DSS-Fish oil vs. control (P < 0.001). Severity of symptoms in all colitic mice was positively correlated with fecal bile acid hydrophobicity (Spearman's ρ = 0.43; P = 0.028) and fecal deoxycholic acid concentration (Spearman's ρ = 0.39; P = 0.048). These results suggest that luminal bile acid modification, induced by altered dietary fat composition, may alter susceptibility to DSS colitis.
AuthorsLotta K Stenman, Reetta Holma, Richard Forsgård, Helena Gylling, Riitta Korpela
JournalThe Journal of nutrition (J Nutr) Vol. 143 Issue 11 Pg. 1691-7 (Nov 2013) ISSN: 1541-6100 [Electronic] United States
PMID24047703 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Bile Acids and Salts
  • Dietary Fats
  • Fish Oils
  • Dextran Sulfate
  • lard
Topics
  • Animals
  • Bile Acids and Salts (chemistry)
  • Colitis (chemically induced, pathology)
  • Colon (drug effects, metabolism)
  • Dextran Sulfate (adverse effects)
  • Diet, Fat-Restricted
  • Diet, High-Fat
  • Dietary Fats (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
  • Feces (chemistry)
  • Fish Oils (administration & dosage)
  • Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL

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