[Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: cognition and behavior].

Abstract

Although the diagnosis of Parkinson disease is based on motor symptoms, it is now well known that non-motor symptoms are an integral part of this pathology, involving in fact multiple systems. These non-motor symptoms affect large population of patients and can appear sometimes before the motor disorders. The non-motor symptoms include mainly neuropsychological difficulties, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and autonomic disorders, but involve also pain and sleep disturbances for example. Depression may occur at any stage of the disease, and consists in major depressive disorder, minor depressive disorder, and dysthymia. During the course of the disease, 50% of patients experience anxiety. Apathy is present in up to 30-40% of patients, due to loss of motivation, appearing in emotional, intellectual and behavioral domains. Dopamine dysregulation syndrome and impulse control disorders are not rare, and in relation with dopaminergic therapies. Impulse control disorders include pathological gambling, hyper sexuality, compulsive shopping, and eating disorder. Visual hallucinations can occur in 30% of patients, mostly induced by dopaminergic therapies. Often, they have deeper impact on the quality of life than the motor symptoms themselves, which stay the focus of attention during consulting. Identifying those can help in providing better care with a positive impact on the quality of life of the patients.

• Authors: Anne Marie Bonnet, Virginie Czernecki
• Journal: Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement (Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil) Vol. 11 Issue 3 Pg. 295-304 (Sep 2013) ISSN: 2115-8789 [Print] France
• Vernacular Title: Les symptômes non moteurs dans la maladie de Parkinson : cognition et comportement.
• PMID: 24026132 (Publication Type: English Abstract, Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Dopamine

Topics

• Anxiety Disorders (diagnosis, physiopathology, psychology)
• Apathy (physiology)
• Brain (physiopathology)
• Cognition Disorders (diagnosis, physiopathology, psychology)
• Delusions (diagnosis, physiopathology, psychology)
• Depressive Disorder (diagnosis, physiopathology, psychology)
• Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders (diagnosis, physiopathology, psychology)
• Dopamine (physiology)
• Hallucinations (diagnosis, physiopathology, psychology)
• Humans
• Neuropsychological Tests
• Parkinson Disease (diagnosis, physiopathology, psychology)
• Quality of Life (psychology)