The present study reports the chemical composition, antifungal,
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as the cytotoxicity of Oenanthe crocata
essential oil and one of its main compounds. The
essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC/MS. The oil was predominantly composed of
monoterpene hydrocarbons (85.8%), being the main compounds trans-β-ocimene (31.3%),
sabinene (29.0%) and cis-β-ocimene (12.3%). For the antifungal activity, the minimal inhibitory and minimal lethal concentrations (MICs and MLCs) were determined. The oil was particularly active against dermatophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans, with MIC values ranging from 0.08 to 0.16 μL/mL. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, both the oil and
sabinene demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity through
nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus
interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-triggered macrophages. Furthermore, the
essential oil showed a potent NO scavenging effect and inhibited inducible
NO synthase expression. Interestingly, and although we detected a cytotoxic effect in macrophages and keratinocytes for the highest concentrations tested of the oil and
sabinene, we also disclosed bioactive and safe concentrations to be further explored for therapeutic proposes. Taking together, these results support the use of the oil and
sabinene for the management of
dermatophytosis and/or inflammatory-related diseases.