Although
NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mediated oxidative stress is considered one of the major mechanisms triggering the pathogenic actions of
ischemic stroke and very recent studies have indicated that
NADPH oxidase is a major source of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) production controlling
glutamate release, how neuronal
NADPH oxidase activation is coupled to
glutamate release is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we used an in vivo transient
middle cerebral artery occlusion model and in vitro primary cell cultures to test whether complexins, the regulators of
soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes necessary for vesicle fusion, are associated with NOX2-derived ROS and contribute to
glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in
ischemic stroke. In this study, we first identified the upregulation of
complexin II in the ischemic brain and evaluated its potential role in
ischemic stroke showing that gene silencing of
complexin II ameliorated cerebral injury as evidenced by reduced
infarction volume, neurological deficit, and neuron
necrosis accompanied by decreased
glutamate levels, consistent with the results from NOX2(-/-) mice with
ischemic stroke. We further demonstrated that
complexin II expression was mediated by NOX2 in primary cultured neurons subjected to
oxygen-
glucose deprivation (OGD) and contributed to OGD-induced
glutamate release and neuron
necrosis via SNARE signaling. Taken together, these findings for the first time provide evidence that
complexin II is a central target molecule that links
NADPH oxidase-derived ROS to
glutamate-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity in
ischemic stroke.