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Cardiac stem cell niche, MMP9, and culture and differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are totipotent, self-renewing, and clonogenic, having potential to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. Due to regenerative capability, it has tremendous potential for treating myocardial infarction (death of myocardial tissue) and type 1 diabetes (death of pancreatic beta cells). Understanding the components regulating ESC differentiation is the key to unlock the regenerative potential of ESC-based therapies. Both the stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) and surrounding niche/microenvironment play pivotal roles in ESC differentiation. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) induces fibrosis that causes stiffness of the ECM and impairs differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Here, we describe the method of ESC culture and differentiation, and the expression of MMP9 and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP4) in differentiating ESC.
AuthorsParas Kumar Mishra, Nicholas John Kuypers, Shree Ram Singh, Noel Diaz Leiberh, Vishalakshi Chavali, Suresh C Tyagi
JournalMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) (Methods Mol Biol) Vol. 1035 Pg. 153-63 ( 2013) ISSN: 1940-6029 [Electronic] United States
PMID23959989 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
  • Mmp9 protein, mouse
Topics
  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Coculture Techniques
  • Embryonic Stem Cells (enzymology, physiology)
  • Feeder Cells
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (metabolism)
  • Mice
  • Myocardium (cytology)
  • Stem Cell Niche

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