Abstract | BACKGROUND: Hypovitaminosis D is associated with global cognitive impairment in adults. It remains unclear which domain-specific cognitive functions are affected with hypovitaminosis D. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations with episodic memory and executive functions in adults. METHODS: A Medline and PsycINFO libraries search was conducted on May 2012, with no limit of date, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms " Vitamin D" OR " Hydroxycholecalciferols" combined with the MeSH terms "Memory" OR " Memory Disorders" OR "Executive Function" OR "Attention" OR "Cognition" OR " Cognition disorders" OR " Dementia" OR " Alzheimer disease" OR "Neuropsychological Tests". Fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed from 12 eligible studies using an inverse-variance method. RESULTS: Of the 285 selected studies, 14 observational studies (including 3 prospective cohort studies) and 3 interventional studies met the selection criteria. All were of good quality. The number of participants ranged from 44-5,692 community-dwellers (0-100% women). In the pooled analysis, although episodic memory disorders showed only modest association with lower 25OHD concentrations (summary effect size of the difference (ES) = -0.09 [95%CI:-0.16;-0.03]), associations of greater magnitude were found with executive dysfunctions (processing speed: mean difference of Trail Making Test (TMT)-A score = 4.0 [95% CI:1.20;6.83]; mental shifting: mean difference of TMT-B score = 12.47 [95% CI:6.78;18.16]; information updating tests: ES = -0.31 [95% CI:-0.5;-0.09]). The pooled risk of incident decline of TMT-B score was OR = 1.25 [95% CI:1.05;1.48] in case of initial lower 25OHD concentrations. Vitamin D repletion resulted in improved executive functions (ES = -0.50 [95% CI:-0.69;-0.32] for before-and-after comparison), but exhibited no difference with control groups (ES = 0.14 [95% CI:-0.04;0.32] for between-group comparison after intervention). CONCLUSION: Lower serum 25OHD concentrations predict executive dysfunctions, especially on mental shifting, information updating and processing speed. The association with episodic memory remains uncertain.
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Authors | Cedric Annweiler, Manuel Montero-Odasso, David J Llewellyn, Stéphane Richard-Devantoy, Gustavo Duque, Olivier Beauchet |
Journal | Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
(J Alzheimers Dis)
Vol. 37
Issue 1
Pg. 147-71
( 2013)
ISSN: 1875-8908 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 23948884
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
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Chemical References |
- Vitamin D
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D
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Topics |
- Executive Function
(physiology)
- Humans
- Memory
(physiology)
- Vitamin D
(analogs & derivatives, blood)
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