Evaluation of dimethyl sulfoxide and dexamethasone on pulmonary contusion in experimental blunt thoracic trauma.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

A thoracic trauma model was designed to evaluate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dexamethasone (DX) on histopathologic and oxidative changes in lung parenchyma seen after pulmonary contusion.

METHODS:

Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were included in the study. They were allocated into control (CG, n=6), sham (SG, n=6), DX (DXG, n=6), and DMSO (DMG, n=6) groups. Only a lung biopsy was performed in CG. In the experimental groups, blunt thoracic trauma was induced by dropping a cylindrical metal weight (0.5 kg) through a stainless steel tube onto the right hemithorax from a height of 0.4 m (E=1.96 J). In the SG, 1 mL of physiologic saline was injected intraperitoneally, in the DXG 10 mg/kg of DX was injected intraperitoneally, and in the DMG 1.2 g/mL of DMSO was injected intraperitoneally 15 minutes after trauma. After 6 hours, lung biopsy was performed for histopathologic and oxidative injury markers.

RESULTS:

Histopathologically, congestion, hemorrhage, neutrophil infiltration, endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (E-NoS), and total pathologic score were significantly higher in SG, DXG, and DMG when compared with CG (p<0.05). Neutrophil infiltration, total pathologic score, and E-NoS were significantly decreased in DMG when compared with SG and DXG (p<0.05). Biochemically, superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was significantly higher in SG, DXG, and DMG than in CG. SOD level was significantly lower in DXG and DMG than in SG (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

DMSO prevents further injury by decreasing neutrophil infiltration and endothelial injury in lung contusions. DX may have a role in the progression of inflammation but not in preventing the pathologic disruption of pulmonary parenchyma.

• Authors: Ozlem Boybeyi, Bulent Bakar, Mustafa Kemal Aslan, Pinar Atasoy, Ucler Kisa, Tutku Soyer
• Journal: The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon (Thorac Cardiovasc Surg) Vol. 62 Issue 8 Pg. 710-5 (Dec 2014) ISSN: 1439-1902 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 23939657 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Dexamethasone
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
• Nos3 protein, rat
• Superoxide Dismutase
• Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Topics

• Animals
• Biomarkers (metabolism)
• Contusions (drug therapy, metabolism, pathology)
• Dexamethasone (pharmacology)
• Dimethyl Sulfoxide (pharmacology)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Endothelial Cells (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
• Lung (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
• Lung Injury (drug therapy, metabolism, pathology)
• Neutrophil Infiltration (drug effects)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (metabolism)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Rats, Wistar
• Superoxide Dismutase (metabolism)
• Time Factors
• Wounds, Nonpenetrating (drug therapy, metabolism, pathology)