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Barth syndrome.

Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive disorder that is typically characterized by cardiomyopathy (CMP), skeletal myopathy, growth retardation, neutropenia, and increased urinary levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGCA). There may be a wide variability of phenotypes amongst BTHS patients with some exhibiting some or all of these findings. BTHS was first described as a disease of the mitochondria resulting in neutropenia as well as skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Over the past few years, a greater understanding of BTHS has developed related to the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for the disease. Mutations in the TAZ gene on chromosome Xq28, also known as G4.5, are responsible for the BTHS phenotype resulting in a loss-of-function in the protein product tafazzin. Clinical management of BTHS has also seen improvement. Patients with neutropenia are susceptible to life-threatening bacterial infections with sepsis being a significant concern for possible morbidity and mortality. Increasingly, BTHS patients are suffering from heart failure secondary to their CMP. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and dilated CMP are the most common cardiac phenotypes reported and can lead to symptoms of heart failure as well as ventricular arrhythmias. Expanded treatment options for end-stage myocardial dysfunction now offer an opportunity to change the natural history for these patients. Herein, we will provide a current review of the genetic and molecular basis of BTHS, the clinical features and management of BTHS, and potential future directions for therapeutic strategies.
AuthorsJohn L Jefferies
JournalAmerican journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics (Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet) Vol. 163C Issue 3 Pg. 198-205 (Aug 2013) ISSN: 1552-4876 [Electronic] United States
PMID23843353 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
CopyrightCopyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical References
  • Transcription Factors
  • Acyltransferases
  • TAFAZZIN protein, human
Topics
  • Acyltransferases
  • Barth Syndrome (genetics, physiopathology, therapy)
  • Cardiomyopathies (genetics, physiopathology, therapy)
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Heart Failure
  • Humans
  • Mutation
  • Phenotype
  • Transcription Factors (genetics)

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