Reciprocal regulation of hepatic and adipose lipogenesis by liver X receptors in obesity and insulin resistance.

Abstract

Liver X receptors (LXRs) regulate lipogenesis and inflammation, but their contribution to the metabolic syndrome is unclear. We show that LXRs modulate key aspects of the metabolic syndrome in mice. LXRαβ-deficient-ob/ob (LOKO) mice remain obese but show reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity compared to ob/ob mice. Impaired hepatic lipogenesis in LOKO mice is accompanied by reciprocal increases in adipose lipid storage, reflecting tissue-selective effects on the SREBP, PPARγ, and ChREBP lipogenic pathways. LXRs are essential for obesity-driven SREBP-1c and ChREBP activity in liver, but not fat. Furthermore, loss of LXRs in obesity promotes adipose PPARγ and ChREBP-β activity, leading to improved insulin sensitivity. LOKO mice also exhibit defects in β cell mass and proliferation despite improved insulin sensitivity. Our data suggest that sterol sensing by LXRs in obesity is critically linked with lipid and glucose homeostasis and provide insight into the complex relationships between LXR and insulin signaling.

• Authors: Simon W Beaven, Aleksey Matveyenko, Kevin Wroblewski, Lily Chao, Damien Wilpitz, Tu Wen Hsu, Jacob Lentz, Brian Drew, Andrea L Hevener, Peter Tontonoz
• Journal: Cell metabolism (Cell Metab) Vol. 18 Issue 1 Pg. 106-17 (Jul 02 2013) ISSN: 1932-7420 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23823481 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
• Liver X Receptors
• Mlxipl protein, mouse
• Nuclear Proteins
• Orphan Nuclear Receptors
• PPAR gamma
• Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins
• Transcription Factors

Topics

• Adipose Tissue (physiology)
• Animals
• Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
• Disease Models, Animal
• Fatty Liver (physiopathology)
• Glucose Clamp Technique
• Homeostasis (physiology)
• Insulin Resistance (physiology)
• Lipogenesis (physiology)
• Liver (physiology)
• Liver X Receptors
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Mice, Knockout
• Nuclear Proteins (physiology)
• Obesity (physiopathology)
• Orphan Nuclear Receptors (deficiency, genetics, physiology)
• PPAR gamma (physiology)
• Signal Transduction (physiology)
• Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (physiology)
• Transcription Factors (physiology)