Steroid hormones are found to play a major role in the genesis and progression of mammary
tumors. The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically detect the presence of
estrogen receptor alpha (ER α ),
estrogen receptor beta (ER β ), and
progesterone receptor (PR) and also to study the association between these markers in 29 cases of benign (11) and malignant (18) canine mammary
tumors. ER α immunostaining was noticed in only one case of
carcinosarcoma specifically in the nuclei of epithelial and a few myoepithelial cells. ER β immunostaining was noticed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells and smooth muscles lining the blood vessels. Immunoexpression of ER β was 82% in benign
tumors and 78% in malignant
tumors. PR immunostaining was expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in both benign and malignant
tumors. Among the 15 PR+ cases, 6 (55%) were of benign type, and 9 (50%) were of malignant type. The most common group of
hormone receptor was the ER α -/PR+/ER β + (46%) in benign
tumors and ER α -/PR-/ER β + (38%) in malignant
tumors. Although there was no significant association between ER α and PR with ER β , the findings indicated that ER β was consistently expressed in both benign and malignant
tumors, irrespective of ER α and PR status.