Effect of total sleep deprivation on 5'-deiodinase activity of rat brown adipose tissue.

Abstract

Prolonged sleep deprivation of the rat produces a progressive increase in energy expenditure and an eventual decrease in body temperature, which suggests a profound derangement in thermoregulation. Because increased thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a likely mechanism mediating the observed increase in energy expenditure, we focused our attention on the effect of total sleep deprivation on BAT type II 5'-deiodinase (5'D-II), since its activation indicates BAT stimulation and is essential for full BAT thermogenic response. Five euthyroid rats were subjected to total (92%) sleep deprivation (euD-rats). Sharing the sleep deprivation apparatus, yoked control rats (euC-rats) received the same degree of physical stimulation as the D-rats, but were only partially (25%) sleep deprived. Additional cage controls (euCC-rats) were housed in the same room. Since during sleep deprivation the animals undergo a reduction in plasma T4 concentration and inability to maintain body temperature heralds death, an identical study was performed in five trios of hyperthyroid rats (hyperD-, hyperC-, and hyper CC-rats) given daily ip injections of 15 micrograms T4/100 g BW, 10 days before and throughout the deprivation period. Experiments were carried out at an ambient temperature of 29 C, close to thermoneutrality for rats. Sleep deprivation in hyperD-rats was maintained until death seemed imminent (9-14 days), and in euD-rats for 12-15 days. Sleep deprivation induced a significant increase in BAT 5'D-II activity in both hyperD- and euD-rats compared with that in euCC-rats (P less than 0.01). BAT 5'D-II in euC-rats was also significantly higher than that in euCC-rats (P less than 0.05), probably because they were partially sleep deprived. BAT 5'D-II activity in hyperD-rats was increased compared to that in both hyperC- and hyperCC-rats (P less than 0.05), in which the activity was slightly but not significantly lower than that in euCC-rats. No significant differences were observed in liver and kidney type I 5'-D (5'D-I) and in pituitary 5'D-II among euD-rats, euC-rats, and euCC-rats. As expected, the hyperthyroid groups (hyperD-rats, hyperC-rats, and hyperCC-rats) had significantly higher kidney 5'D-I and lower pituitary 5'D-II than the euCC-rats. Liver 5'D-I was also significantly increased in the hyperC-rats and hyperCC-rats, but not in the hyperD-rats. These observations indicate that total sleep deprivation is associated with a marked increase in BAT 5'D-II activity in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

• Authors: S Balzano, B M Bergmann, M A Gilliland, J E Silva, A Rechtschaffen, S Refetoff
• Journal: Endocrinology (Endocrinology) Vol. 127 Issue 2 Pg. 882-90 (Aug 1990) ISSN: 0013-7227 [Print] United States
• PMID: 2373059 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Iodide Peroxidase
• Thyroxine

Topics

• Acclimatization
• Adipose Tissue, Brown (enzymology, physiology)
• Animals
• Hyperthyroidism (physiopathology)
• Iodide Peroxidase (metabolism)
• Kidney (enzymology)
• Liver (enzymology)
• Male
• Pituitary Gland (enzymology)
• Rats
• Rats, Inbred Strains
• Reference Values
• Sleep Deprivation
• Thyroid Gland (physiology)
• Thyroxine (pharmacology)