Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) is an effective prescription in the treatment of
ischemic stroke, but the mechanisms involved are not well known. In the present study, 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:
sham control (
sham),
ischemia and reperfusion (IR), and IR plus 15, 30, and 60 g/kg/day XXMD. The
stroke model was induced by 90 min of
middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. The brain lesion areas were evaluated by
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and neurological deficits were observed at different time points after reperfusion. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption was evaluated by assessing brain water content and
Evans blue content. Pathological changes in BBB ultrastructure were observed with transmission electron microscopy. MMP-9, -2, and
VEGF expression levels were quantitatively determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We found that XXMD (60 g/kg/day) treatment reduced
cerebral infarct area, improved behavioral function, and attenuated ultrastructure damage and permeability of BBB following
ischemia and reperfusion. Moreover, XXMD downregulated the expression levels of MMP-9, -2, and
VEGF. These findings indicate that XXMD alleviates BBB disruption and cerebral ischemic injury, which may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of MMP-9, -2, and
VEGF.