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Poly I:C induces a protective antiviral immune response in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against subsequent challenge with Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1 μvar).

Abstract
In-vivo studies were carried out to investigate the protective effect of a synthetic viral analogue (poly I:C) against Ostreid herpes virus (OsHV-1 μvar). Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were immune-primed by intramuscular injection of 240 μg of poly I:C or sterile seawater at 1 day prior to infection with OsHV-1 μvar. Poly I:C injection induced an antiviral state in C. gigas as the percentage of viral-infected oysters at 48 h post infection was significantly lower in the poly I:C treatment (11%) compared to seawater controls (100%). In an additional experiment, we demonstrated that the protective role of poly I:C is reproducible and elicits a specific antiviral response as immune-priming with heat-killed Vibrio splendidus provided no protection against subsequent viral infection. In both experiments, genes homologous to a toll-like receptor (TLR), MyD88, interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and protein kinase R (PKR) were up-regulated in oysters immune-primed with poly I:C compared to seawater controls (p < 0.05). The MyD88, IRF and PKR genes were also significantly up-regulated in response to OsHV-1 μvar infection (p < 0.05), which is suggestive that they are implicated in the antiviral response of C. gigas. Our results demonstrate that C. gigas can recognise double-strand RNA to initiate an innate immune response that inhibits viral infection. The observed response has striking similarities to the hallmarks of the type-1 interferon response of vertebrates.
AuthorsTimothy J Green, Caroline Montagnani
JournalFish & shellfish immunology (Fish Shellfish Immunol) Vol. 35 Issue 2 Pg. 382-8 (Aug 2013) ISSN: 1095-9947 [Electronic] England
PMID23685009 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
CopyrightCopyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Poly I-C
Topics
  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents (immunology, metabolism)
  • Crassostrea (genetics, immunology, virology)
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Herpesviridae (physiology)
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Injections, Intraperitoneal (veterinary)
  • Poly I-C (pharmacology)
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (veterinary)
  • Vibrio (physiology)

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