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Plasma phospholipid fatty acids, dietary fatty acids and prostate cancer risk.

Abstract
Animal and experimental studies have demonstrated that long-chain n-3 fatty acids inhibit the development of prostate cancer, whereas n-6 fatty acids might promote it. We performed a case-cohort analysis within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study using a random sample of 1,717 men and 464 prostate cancer cases to investigate associations between fatty acids assessed in plasma phospholipids (PPLs) or diet (estimated using a 121-item food frequency questionnaire) and prostate cancer risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. Prostate cancer risk was positively associated with %PPL saturated fatty acids (SFAs); HR [95% CI] = 1.51 [1.06, 2.16] (Q5 vs. Q1, fifth vs. first quintile); p-trend = 0.003. HRs (Q5 to Q2 vs. Q1) were significantly elevated for %PPL palmitic acid. %PPL oleic acid was inversely associated with risk, HR = 0.62 [0.43, 0.91] (Q5 vs. Q1); p-trend = 0.04. No statistically significant linear trends were observed for dietary intakes. The HRs were elevated for moderate intakes of linoleic acid (Q2 and Q3 vs. Q1, 1.58 [1.10, 2.28] and 1.70 [1.18, 2.46], respectively), but the increase was not significant for higher intakes (Q4 and Q5). No association varied significantly by tumour aggressiveness (all p-homogeneity > 0.1). Prostate cancer risk was positively associated with %PPL SFA, largely attributable to palmitic acid and inversely associated with %PPL monounsaturated fatty acids, largely attributable to oleic acid. Higher risks were also observed for dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fats, primarily linoleic acid.
AuthorsJulie K Bassett, Gianluca Severi, Allison M Hodge, Robert J MacInnis, Robert A Gibson, John L Hopper, Dallas R English, Graham G Giles
JournalInternational journal of cancer (Int J Cancer) Vol. 133 Issue 8 Pg. 1882-91 (Oct 15 2013) ISSN: 1097-0215 [Electronic] United States
PMID23575905 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2013 UICC.
Chemical References
  • Dietary Fats
  • Fatty Acids
  • Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-6
  • Phospholipids
  • Oleic Acid
  • Palmitic Acid
  • Linoleic Acid
Topics
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cohort Studies
  • Diet
  • Dietary Fats (administration & dosage)
  • Fatty Acids (blood)
  • Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated (administration & dosage)
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-6 (administration & dosage)
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Linoleic Acid (administration & dosage)
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oleic Acid (administration & dosage)
  • Palmitic Acid (administration & dosage)
  • Phospholipids (blood)
  • Prospective Studies
  • Prostatic Neoplasms (blood)
  • Risk Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

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