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Investigation of the biotransformation of melarsoprol by electrochemistry coupled to complementary LC/ESI-MS and LC/ICP-MS analysis.

Abstract
Melarsoprol is the only currently available drug for treatment of the late stage of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Unfortunately, the arsenic-containing drug causes serious side effects, for which the mechanisms have not been elucidated so far. This investigation describes the study of the melarsoprol biotransformation processes by electrochemical (EC) techniques. Based on EC, potential oxidation reactions of melarsoprol are examined. Moreover, the reactivity of melarsoprol, its metabolite melarsen oxide, and their oxidation products toward the tripeptide glutathione and the proteins hemoglobin and human serum albumin is evaluated. The combination of different analytical techniques allows the identification as well as the quantification of the biotransformation products. The hyphenation of liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is applied for identification and structure elucidation, which implies the determination of exact masses and fragmentation patterns. For the selective detection of arsenic containing metabolites, LC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is utilized. Based on the obtained data, the oxidative biotransformation of melarsoprol can be predicted, revealing novel species which have been suspected, but not been identified up to now. The results of the protein studies prove that melarsen oxide, the active derivative of melarsoprol, strongly binds to human hemoglobin and forms different adducts via the free cysteinyl groups of the hemoglobin α- and β-chain.
AuthorsAnne Baumann, Thorben Pfeifer, Daniel Melles, Uwe Karst
JournalAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry (Anal Bioanal Chem) Vol. 405 Issue 15 Pg. 5249-58 (Jun 2013) ISSN: 1618-2650 [Electronic] Germany
PMID23552974 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Arsenicals
  • Hemoglobins
  • Serum Albumin
  • Trypanocidal Agents
  • melarsen oxide
  • Melarsoprol
Topics
  • Arsenicals (chemistry, metabolism)
  • Chromatography, Liquid (methods)
  • Hemoglobins (chemistry, metabolism)
  • Humans
  • Mass Spectrometry (methods)
  • Melarsoprol (chemistry, metabolism)
  • Molecular Structure
  • Protein Binding
  • Serum Albumin (chemistry, metabolism)
  • Trypanocidal Agents (chemistry, metabolism)

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